ISO 20174: A Guide to the Japanese Grouping System for Materials
If you are involved in welding or other activities that require the selection and classification of materials, you may have heard of ISO 20174. This is a technical report that provides a Japanese grouping system for materials for welding purposes, based on the international standard ISO/TR 15608. But what exactly is ISO 20174, and why is it useful? In this article, we will explain the scope, purpose, benefits, and main features of ISO 20174, as well as how to use it for material grouping, certification, and implementation.
What is ISO 20174 and why is it important?
ISO 20174 is a document that was published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 2020. It is the second edition of the technical report that was first published in 2005. It provides a Japanese grouping system for materials for welding purposes, classified in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. It can also apply for other purposes, such as heat treatment, forming, and non-destructive testing.
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The scope and purpose of ISO 20174
The scope of ISO 20174 covers grouping systems for the following standardized materials:
Steels
Aluminium and its alloys
Titanium and its alloys
The purpose of ISO 20174 is to provide a common basis for the selection and qualification of materials for welding and related processes. It aims to reduce the number of welding procedures and welder qualifications by allowing a range of materials with similar weldability or performance to be grouped together. It also facilitates the communication and exchange of information between different parties involved in welding, such as manufacturers, suppliers, customers, inspectors, and regulators.
The benefits of using ISO 20174 for welding and other purposes
Using ISO 20174 for material grouping has several advantages, such as:
Improving the quality and consistency of welding products and services
Enhancing the safety and reliability of welded structures and components
Simplifying the documentation and verification of welding procedures and welder qualifications
Reducing the costs and time associated with welding activities
Increasing the compatibility and interoperability of materials from different sources
Supporting the innovation and development of new materials and welding technologies
The main changes from the previous edition of ISO 20174
The second edition of ISO 20174 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 20174:2005), which has been technically revised. The main changes are:
The revision of Tables 1 to 3, which list the types of steels, aluminium and aluminium alloys, and titanium and titanium alloys in accordance with the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608:2017
The addition of new materials that have been standardized since the publication of the first edition
The deletion of obsolete materials that have been withdrawn from standardization
The alignment of the terms and definitions with those used in ISO/TR 15608:2017
How to use ISO 20174 for material grouping
To use ISO 20174 for material grouping, you need to follow the general principles of material grouping according to ISO/TR 15608, and then refer to the specific tables and examples provided by ISO 20174 for each type of material.
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The general principles of material grouping according to ISO/TR 15608
ISO/TR 15608 is a technical report that establishes a grouping system for materials for welding purposes. It is based on the concept of weldability, which is the ability of a material to be welded under specific conditions and to perform satisfactorily in the intended service. The weldability of a material depends on several factors, such as its chemical composition, mechanical properties, metallurgical structure, and welding process.
The grouping system of ISO/TR 15608 assigns materials to different groups and subgroups according to their weldability or performance characteristics. The groups are numbered from 1 to 11, and the subgroups are indicated by a decimal point followed by one or more digits. For example, group 1.1 refers to steels with a specified minimum yield strength of less than or equal to 275 MPa, and group 8.1 refers to aluminium alloys with a magnesium content of less than or equal to 0.8%.
The grouping system of ISO/TR 15608 allows the qualification of welding procedures and welders for a range of materials within the same group or subgroup, without the need for requalification for each individual material. It also provides guidance for the selection of filler materials and welding consumables for different groups and subgroups of materials.
The types of materials covered by ISO 20174 and their corresponding groups
ISO 20174 covers three types of materials that are commonly used in welding applications: steels, aluminium and aluminium alloys, and titanium and titanium alloys. Each type of material has its own table in ISO 20174 that lists the standardized materials and their corresponding groups and subgroups according to the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. The tables also provide additional information, such as the standard designation, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and applicable welding processes for each material.
Steels
Steels are iron-based alloys that contain carbon and other elements that affect their weldability and performance. Steels are classified into different groups and subgroups according to their chemical composition, mechanical properties, metallurgical structure, and heat treatment condition. ISO 20174 provides Table 1 for steels, which covers the following groups and subgroups:
Group
Subgroup
Description
1
1.1
Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 275 MPa
1
1.2
Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 275 MPa 360 MPa
2
2.1
Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 360 MPa 460 MPa
2
2.2
Steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 460 MPa 690 MPa
3
3.1
C-Mn-Si steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 690 MPa 890 MPa
3
3.2
C-Mn-Si steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 890 MPa 960 MPa
4
4.1
C-Mn-Si steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH > 960 MPa 1100 MPa
5A,5B,5C,5D
-
C-Mn-Mo-Ni low-alloy steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 550 MPa (grouped according to Mo content)
6A,6B,6C,6D,6E,6F,6G,6H,6I,6J,6K,6L,6M,6N,-Cr-Mo low-alloy steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 690 MPa (grouped according to Cr content)7A,7B,7C,7D
-
Cr-Mo-V low-alloy steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 690 MPa (grouped according to Cr content)
8
8.1,8.2,8.3,8.4
Ni-Cr-Mo low-alloy steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 690 MPa (grouped according to Ni content)
9
9.1,9.2,9.3,9.4
Ni-Mo low-alloy steels with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 690 MPa (grouped according to Ni content)
10
10.1,10.2,10.3,10.4
Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels (duplex) with a specified minimum yield strength ReH 690 MPa (grouped according to Cr content)
11A,11B,11C
-
Austenitic stainless steels (grouped according to Cr content)
12A,12B,12C
-
Ferritic stainless steels (grouped according to Cr content)
13A,13B,13C
-
Martensitic stainless steels (grouped according to Cr content)
14A,14B,14C
-
Precipitation hardening stainless steels (grouped according to Cr content)
The table also includes some notes and remarks that explain the criteria and exceptions for the material grouping.
Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Aluminium and aluminium alloys are light-weight and corrosion-resistant materials that are widely used in various industries. Aluminium and aluminium alloys are classified into different groups and subgroups according to their chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment condition, and welding characteristics. ISO 20174 provides Table 2 for aluminium and aluminium alloys, which covers the following groups and subgroups:
GroupSubgroupDescription21-Pure aluminium22-Aluminium-copper alloys23-Aluminium-manganese alloys24-Aluminium-silicon alloys25-Aluminium-magnesium alloys26Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloys
27
-
Aluminium-zinc-magnesium alloys
28
-
Aluminium-lithium alloys
29
-
Other aluminium alloys
The table also includes some notes and remarks that explain the criteria and exceptions for the material grouping.
Titanium and titanium alloys
Titanium and titanium alloys are high-strength and corrosion-resistant materials that are used for demanding applications in aerospace, medical, and chemical industries. Titanium and titanium alloys are classified into different groups and subgroups according to their chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment condition, and welding characteristics. ISO 20174 provides Table 3 for titanium and titanium alloys, which covers the following groups and subgroups:
GroupSubgroupDescription41-Pure titanium42-Titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloys43-Titanium-aluminium-tin-zirconium-molybdenum alloys44-Titanium-aluminium-molybdenum-vanadium alloys45Titanium-aluminium-niobium-molybdenum-zirconium alloys
46
-
Titanium-aluminium-niobium alloys
47
-
Titanium-molybdenum-nickel-aluminium alloys
48
-
Titanium-molybdenum-zirconium-tin alloys
The table also includes some notes and remarks that explain the criteria and exceptions for the material grouping.
The examples of material grouping according to ISO 20174
To illustrate how to use ISO 20174 for material grouping, here are some examples of standardized materials and their corresponding groups and subgroups:
Material: JIS G 3101 SS400 (Rolled steels for general structure)Group: 1.1Subgroup: -Note: This material is equivalent to ISO 630-1 S235JR.
Material: JIS H 4000 A1050P (Aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets, strips and plates)Group: 21Subgroup: -Note: This material is equivalent to ISO 209-1 Al99.5.
Material: JIS H 4600 TAF3250 (Titanium and titanium alloy sheets, strips and plates)Group: 42Subgroup: -Note: This material is equivalent to ISO 5832-3 Ti-6Al-4V.
How to get ISO 20174 certification and implementation
If you want to demonstrate your compliance with ISO 20174 and enhance your credibility and reputation in the welding industry, you may consider getting ISO 20174 certification and implementation. Here are some steps and tips to help you achieve this goal:
The process and requirements for ISO 20174 certification
To get ISO 20174 certification, you need to undergo an audit by an accredited certification body that will verify your conformity with the requirements of ISO 20174. The audit will cover the following aspects:
Your documentation and records of material grouping, selection, and qualification according to ISO 20174
Your welding procedures and welder qualifications for different groups and subgroups of materials according to ISO/TR 15608 and other relevant standards
Your welding equipment, consumables, and materials that are suitable for the groups and subgroups of materials according to ISO/TR 15608 and other relevant standards
Your quality management system that ensures the quality and consistency of your welding products and services according to ISO/TR 15608 and other relevant standards
Your compliance with the applicable laws, regulations, codes, and specifications related to welding activities
If you pass the audit, you will receive a certificate that proves your compliance with ISO 20174. The certificate will be valid for a certain period of time, usually three years, after which you will need to renew it by undergoing another audit.
The best practices and tips for ISO 20174 implementation
To implement ISO 20174 effectively in your organization, you need to follow some best practices and tips, such as:
Familiarize yourself with the content and structure of ISO 20174 and its related standards, such as ISO/TR 15608, ISO/TR 20172, ISO/TR 20173, and ISO/TR 3677.
Identify the types of materials that you use or plan to use for welding purposes, and check their corresponding groups and subgroups according to ISO 20174.
Select the appropriate filler materials and welding consumables for each group or subgroup of materials according to ISO/TR 15608 or other relevant standards.
Establish and document your welding procedures and welder qualifications for each group or subgroup of materials according to ISO/TR 15608 or other relevant standards.
Maintain and update your documentation and records of material grouping, selection, qualification, welding procedures, welder qualifications, welding equipment, consumables, materials, quality management system, etc.
Train your staff on the requirements and benefits of ISO 20174 and ensure their competence and awareness.
Monitor and measure your welding performance and quality using appropriate methods and tools.
Conduct internal audits and management reviews to evaluate your compliance with ISO 20174 and identify areas for improvement.
Seek feedback from your customers, suppliers, regulators, and other stakeholders on your welding products and services, and implement corrective and preventive actions as needed.
Continually improve your welding processes and outcomes by adopting new technologies, standards, and best practices.
Conclusion and FAQs
ISO 20174 is a technical report that provides a Japanese grouping system for materials for welding purposes, based on the international standard ISO/TR 15608. It covers three types of materials: steels, aluminium and aluminium alloys, and titanium and titanium alloys. It aims to simplify the selection and qualification of materials for welding and related processes, and to improve the quality and consistency of welding products and services. It also facilitates the communication and exchange of information between different parties involved in welding, such as manufacturers, suppliers, customers, inspectors, and regulators.
To use ISO 20174 for material grouping, you need to follow the general principles of material grouping according to ISO/TR 15608, and then refer to the specific tables and examples provided by ISO 20174 for each type of material. To get ISO 20174 certification and implementation, you need to undergo an audit by an accredited certification body that will verify your conformity with the requirements of ISO 20174, and follow some best practices and tips to implement ISO 20174 effectively in your organization.
If you have any questions about ISO 20174 or want to learn more about it, here are some FAQs that may help you:
Q: How can I get a copy of ISO 20174?A: You can purchase a copy of ISO 20174 from the official website of ISO or from other authorized distributors. You can also download a free preview of ISO 20174 from the website of ISO.
Q: How can I find out if a material is covered by ISO 20174?A: You can check the tables in ISO 20174 that list the standardized materials and their corresponding groups and subgroups according to the grouping system of ISO/TR 15608. You can also refer to other standards that are cross-referenced in ISO 20174, such as JIS, ASTM, EN, etc.
Q: How can I select the appropriate filler material or welding consumable for a material group or subgroup according to ISO 20174?A: You can consult the guidance provided by ISO/TR 15608 or other relevant standards, such as ISO/TR 20172 (European grouping system for materials), ISO/TR 20173 (American grouping system for materials), or ISO/TR 3677 (Filler metal for soft soldering, brazing and braze welding).
Q: How can I verify if a welding procedure or welder qualification is valid for a material group or subgroup according to ISO 20174?A: You can check the validity range of the welding procedure or welder qualification according to the rules specified by ISO/TR 15608 or other relevant standards, such as ISO 9606 (Qualification testing of welders), ISO 15614 (Specification and qualification of welding procedures), or ISO 3834 (Quality requirements for fusion welding).
Q: How can I keep up with the latest updates and developments of ISO 20174?A: You can subscribe to the newsletter or follow the social media accounts of ISO or other organizations that are involved in the development and maintenance of ISO 20174, such as JISF (Japan Iron and Steel Federation), JWS (Japan Welding Society), IIW (International Institute of Welding), etc.
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